Climate change can increase instability and cause social and political tensions and conflicts through various channels, such as competition for access to scarcer resources due to climate change, and serious impacts on people's assets or livelihoods, which generate situations of inequality and precariousness.

The challenge is to recognize the potential threat of climate change to peaceful coexistence and social cohesion and to anticipate the most appropriate responses. From the point of view of climate change, these challenges must be addressed from a resilience-building perspective, focusing on reducing the vulnerability of individuals and communities. Social cohesion and the promotion of resilient communities can play an important role in preparing for and responding to the impacts of climate change.